Florence’s Cathedral, also known as Santa Maria del Fiore, towers over the city, its magnificent Renaissance dome a testament to the genius of Filippo Brunelleschi. Standing across the square, the Baptistery adds to the grandeur of this architectural marvel.
The Duomo’s history spans centuries. Construction began in the late 13th century under the direction of Arnolfo di Cambio. The iconic dome, however, was only added in the 15th century, showcasing Brunelleschi’s architectural brilliance. Statues honoring both architects stand proudly outside the cathedral, a permanent tribute to their contributions. The sheer scale of the project is awe-inspiring; imagine the cathedral taking two whole centuries to complete!
A Glimpse into the Past
While the dome was finally in place, the façade (front of the church) remained unfinished for centuries. It was initially considered a mere decoration and was only completed in the 19th century, giving the cathedral the stunning exterior we see today.
The Duomo’s exterior is a feast for the eyes, adorned with a vibrant mix of pink, white, and green marble. The interior, however, offers a stark contrast, with its simple yet elegant design. It provides a welcome cool refuge during warm summer days. The mosaic pavements are a breathtaking sight, resembling intricate carpets, and definitely the star attraction inside the cathedral.
Artistic Treasures Within
Don’t miss the clock above the entrance! Designed in 1443 by Paolo Uccello, it operates according to the ora italica system, where the 24th hour ended at sunset. Amazingly, it still keeps perfect time!
Giorgio Vasari’s frescoes of the Last Judgment (1572-9) are another artistic highlight. While Vasari designed the work, it was largely painted by his less skilled student, Federico Zuccari, by 1579.
Three incredible frescoes adorn the left nave, each telling a unique story. Domenico di Michelino’s “Dante Before the City of Florence” (1465) is particularly fascinating, depicting a 1465 view of Florence which Dante himself could never have seen. Paolo Uccello’s “Funerary Monument to Sir John Hawkwood” (1436) and Andrea del Castagno’s “Equestrian statue of Niccolò da Tolentino” (1456) both portray condottieri as heroic figures. Both artists experimented with the new rules of perspective in these works, resulting in the use of two unifying points instead of one, a unique approach that adds to the beauty of these frescoes.
Visiting the Duomo: Practical Information
Curious about entrance fees? The good news is that entry to the cathedral itself is free! However, to access other monuments within the Piazza del Duomo – climbing the dome and bell tower, exploring the Baptistery, or visiting the museum – you’ll need a “Grande Museo del Duomo” pass.
Be prepared for potential lines, especially during peak season. However, the lines tend to move fairly quickly. To manage the flow of visitors, the cathedral administration has implemented a policy for groups larger than four. These groups are required to rent audio guides (costing €2-€2.50 per person) to ensure a low noise level and allow more people to enjoy the cathedral. Student groups receive a 50% discount on audio guide rentals. If you’re part of a tour group, you’ll likely have your own headsets.
Exploring the Duomo with a Guide
Considering a guided tour? It’s a wonderful way to delve deeper into the history, legends, and hidden gems of the Duomo. Some tours even offer exclusive access to the rooftop terraces, providing breathtaking views of Florence.
Ascending to the Top
Don’t miss the chance to climb to the top of Brunelleschi’s Cupola! The view from the top is absolutely stunning, offering a panoramic perspective of the city.
A Digital Treasure Hunt
For avid Ingress players, there’s a special mission for you! By completing the mission around the Duomo, Baptistery, and bell tower, you’ll earn a unique badge!
Immerse yourself in the beauty and grandeur of Florence’s Duomo! Explore its intricate details, marvel at the artistic treasures it holds, and experience a piece of history firsthand. This majestic cathedral is a must-see for any visitor to Florence!
