Imagine this: you stand before a massive structure, its ancient stones whispering tales of gladiatorial battles and roaring crowds. This is the Colosseum, Rome’s most awe-inspiring monument, a testament to the grandeur of the Roman Empire.
A Glimpse into the Past
The Colosseum, originally known as the Flavian Amphitheater, was commissioned by Emperor Vespasian in 72 CE. Completed by his son Titus in 80 CE, it marked its inauguration with a 100-day spectacle, showcasing 5,000 animals in a bloody display. Though the largest amphitheater in Rome wasn’t the Colosseum, but the Circo Massimo, it earned its name from the nearby Colosso di Nerone, a colossal statue of Emperor Nero.
For five centuries, the Colosseum witnessed countless gladiatorial contests and grand performances, celebrating Roman triumphs and anniversaries. Though gladiatorial combat was outlawed in the 5th century, animal shows continued until the mid-6th century. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Colosseum fell into disrepair, serving as a fortress and a source of building materials.
A Monument Restored
In recent years, the Colosseum has faced the challenges of pollution and traffic vibrations, prompting a major restoration project from 2014 to 2016. This monumental effort brought the Colosseum back to its former glory. Today, ongoing restoration projects aim to recreate the arena’s retractable floor and construct a new service center.
A Walk Through History
Standing outside the Colosseum, you’re greeted by three levels of arches, adorned with Ionic, Doric, and Corinthian columns. Originally covered in travertine, the walls once boasted marble statues. The upper level features slender Corinthian pilasters and window openings, which once supported 240 masts that held a giant awning over the arena. At ground level, 80 entrance arches, known as vomitoria, allowed spectators to enter and find their seats in a matter of minutes.
Stepping inside, you’re met with steep steps leading to the first and second tiers, offering a glimpse into the partially rebuilt arena floor and the remains of the underground chambers. A small exhibition on the second floor details the monument’s history, while a viewing balcony offers spectacular views of the Arco di Costantino.
Unraveling the Secrets of the Colosseum
The interior of the Colosseum was divided into three main areas: the arena, the cavea, and the podium.
The arena, originally covered in sand (arena in Latin), was the stage for gladiatorial battles and animal hunts. Trapdoors concealed the hypogeum, a network of underground chambers and passageways. The hypogeum served as the Colosseum’s backstage area, where sets were prepared and performers gathered. Gladiators entered from the nearby Ludus Magnus, the gladiator school, while the emperor would arrive via the Passaggio di Commodo.
A complex system of 80 winch-operated lifts allowed the raising and lowering of people, animals, and stage sets, all controlled by a single pulley system.
The cavea, dedicated to spectators, was divided along social lines. Senior officials occupied the lowest tiers, wealthy citizens sat in the middle, and the plebeians were relegated to the upper sectors. Women, except for the Vestal Virgins, were assigned the cheapest seats at the top. Tickets were numbered, assigning each spectator a specific seat within a designated sector.
The podium, a terrace in front of the seating tiers, was reserved for emperors, senators, and VIPs.
Visiting the Colosseum
Tickets can be purchased at the ticket office on Piazza del Colosseo (credit/debit cards only), but to avoid the queues, consider buying them online. Be sure to book in advance, especially during peak periods.
Standard tickets (€16) grant access to the Colosseum, the Roman Forum, and the Palatine Hill. For access to the arena floor and underground sectors, a two-day Full Experience Underground and Arena ticket (€22) is required.
The Colosseum is open from 9 am to one hour before sunset. You can reach the Colosseum via metro line B (Colosseo station) or bus (Via dei Fori Imperiali).
Plan for about an hour to explore the Colosseum. Visiting early in the morning or late in the afternoon will offer the best lighting for photos and avoid the crowds.
For more information, download the free PArCo app, which provides historical background and useful tips.
Finally, avoid the overpriced restaurants near the Colosseum. Venture east towards Divin Ostilia, a cozy wine bar offering classic Roman cuisine, or head to the Circo Massimo where Osteria Circo serves delicious Roman pasta dishes.
The Colosseum is more than just a monument; it’s a journey through time, a reminder of the Roman Empire’s grandeur, and a testament to the enduring power of human ingenuity.
